Momwe Mungachepetsere Kutayika Kwa Vitamini Panthawi Yokonza Chakudya Cha Pet

Kutaya mavitamini panthawi yokonza chakudya cha ziweto

Kwa mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta, ndi mchere, kukonza kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa bioavailability yawo, pamene mavitamini ambiri ndi osakhazikika komanso oxidized mosavuta, amawola, amawonongeka, kapena atayika, kotero kuti kukonza kumakhudza mankhwala awo.Zimakhudza kwambiri;ndipo posungira chakudya, kutayika kwa mavitamini kumakhudzana ndi kusindikizidwa kwa chidebe choyikapo, nthawi ya alumali, ndi kutentha kozungulira.

Panthawi ya extrusion ndi kutukuta, kuchepa kwa mavitamini kudzachitika, kutaya kwa mafuta osungunuka a vitamini E kumatha kufika 70%, ndipo kutaya kwa vitamini K kumatha kufika 60%;kutayika kwa vitamini kwa chakudya cha pet chotulutsidwa kumakhalanso kwakukulu panthawi yosungidwa, ndipo kutaya kwa mavitamini osungunuka ndi mafuta kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa gulu B Mavitamini, vitamini A ndi vitamini D3 amatayika pafupifupi 8% ndi 4% pamwezi;ndipo mavitamini a B amatayika pafupifupi 2% mpaka 4% pamwezi.

Panthawi ya extrusion, 10% ~ 15% ya mavitamini ndi inki imatayika pafupifupi.Kusungidwa kwa vitamini kumadalira kapangidwe kazinthu zopangira, kukonzekera ndi kukulitsa kutentha, chinyezi, nthawi yosungira, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza, ndipo mawonekedwe okhazikika a vitamini C angagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa vitamini panthawi yokonza ndi kusunga. .

Kodi kuchepetsa imfa ya mavitamini pa processing?

1. Sinthani kapangidwe ka mankhwala a mavitamini ena kuti akhale okhazikika;monga thiamine mononitrate m'malo mwa mawonekedwe ake aulere, esters of retinol (acetate kapena palmitate), tocopherol M'malo mwa mowa ndi ascorbic acid phosphate m'malo mwa ascorbic acid.

2. Mavitamini amapangidwa kukhala ma microcapsules ngati njira imodzi.Mwanjira imeneyi, vitamini imakhala yokhazikika bwino ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa vitamini muzakudya zosakanikirana.Mavitamini amatha kupangidwa ndi gelatin, wowuma, ndi glycerin (ma antioxidants amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri) kapena kupopera mu microcapsules, ndikutsatiridwa ndi wokutira wowuma.Kutetezedwa kwa vitamini panthawi yokonza kuyenera kukulitsidwa ndi kusokoneza kwambiri ma microcapsules, mwachitsanzo, potenthetsa mpaka kuumitsa ma microcapsules (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma microcapsules olumikizana).Kuphatikizana kumatha kukwaniritsidwa ndi Maillard reactions kapena njira zina zama mankhwala.Ambiri mwa vitamini A omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga zakudya za ziweto zaku America ndi ma microcapsules olumikizana.Kwa mavitamini ambiri a B, kuyanika kopopera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akhazikike komanso kupanga ufa wopanda madzi.

3. The inactivation pafupifupi onse mavitamini kumachitika pa extrusion ndondomeko Pet chakudya, ndi imfa ya mavitamini mu chakudya zamzitini mwachindunji chifukwa cha kutentha ndi processing ndi nthawi yaulere ayoni zitsulo.Kutaya pa kuyanika ndi kuyanika (kuwonjezera mafuta kapena kuviika pamwamba pa zowuma zowuma) kumadaliranso nthawi ndi kutentha.

Pakusungirako, chinyezi, kutentha, pH ndi ayoni azitsulo zogwira ntchito zimakhudza kutayika kwa mavitamini.Kukhala ndi mitundu yocheperako ya mchere monga chelates, oxides kapena carbonates kumatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mavitamini ambiri poyerekeza ndi mchere wa sulfate kapena mawonekedwe aulere..Iron, mkuwa ndi zinki ndizodziwika kwambiri pakuyambitsa machitidwe a Fenton komanso kupanga ma free radicals.Mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga ma free radicals kuti achepetse kutaya kwa vitamini.Kuteteza mafuta a m'zakudya ku okosijeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chochepetsera kupanga ma free radicals muzakudya.Kuwonjezera kwa chelating agents monga ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phosphoric acid, kapena synthetic antioxidants monga di-tert-butyl-p-cresol ku mafuta akhoza kuchepetsa mbadwo wa ma radicals aulere.