Ndikusintha kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, mulingo wasayansi ndiukadaulo, komanso chidziwitso chaumoyo, zakudya "zobiriwira" ndi "zachilengedwe" zatulukira monga momwe nthawi zimafunira, ndipo zadziwika ndikuvomerezedwa ndi anthu.Makampani a ziweto akuchulukirachulukira ndipo akukula, ndipo okonda ziweto amawona ziweto ngati imodzi mwabanja lawo.Mawu monga "zachilengedwe", "green", "original" ndi "organic" asintha nyengo kuti anthu asankhe zoweta.Anthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi thanzi la ziweto kuposa mitengo yazinyama.Komabe, ogula ambiri sali omveka bwino za ubwino ndi makhalidwe a "zachilengedwe" chakudya cha ziweto.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule tanthauzo lake ndi makhalidwe ake.
1.Tanthauzo lapadziko lonse la "zachilengedwe" chakudya cha ziweto
"Natural" ndi mawu omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamatumba a zakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi.Pali matanthauzo ambiri a mawu awa, ndipo kumasulira kwenikweni kwapanyumba ndi "chilengedwe"."Zachilengedwe" nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kutanthauza zatsopano, zosakonzedwa, zopanda zowonjezera zowonjezera, zowonjezera ndi zopangira.Bungwe la American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) limalola kuti chakudya cha ziweto chilembedwe kuti "chachirengedwe" ngati chimachokera ku zomera, nyama kapena mchere, sichikhala ndi zowonjezera, ndipo sichinayambe kupangidwa ndi mankhwala.Tanthauzo la AAFCO limapitilira kunena kuti "zakudya zachilengedwe" ndi zakudya zomwe sizinapangidwe kapena kukonzedwa ndi "kukonza thupi, kutentha, kuchotsa, kuyeretsa, kuyika, kutaya madzi m'thupi, enzymatic hydrolysis, kapena fermentation."Choncho, ngati mavitamini opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala awonjezeredwa, chakudyacho chikhoza kutchedwa "chakudya cha ziweto zachilengedwe", monga "zanyama zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere".Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti tanthauzo la AAFCO loti "zachilengedwe" limangotchula njira yopangira ndipo silinena za kutsitsimuka komanso mtundu wa chakudya cha ziweto.Nkhuku zabwino kwambiri, nkhuku zosayenerera kudyedwa ndi anthu, komanso zakudya zotsika kwambiri za nkhuku zimakwaniritsabe njira za AAFCO za "chakudya chachilengedwe."Mafuta a rancid amakwaniritsabe njira za AAFCO za "chakudya cha ziweto zachilengedwe," monganso mbewu zomwe zili ndi nkhungu ndi mycotoxins.
2. Malamulo pa zonena za "zachilengedwe" mu "Pet Feed Labeling Regulations"
"Malamulo Olembetsera Kudyetsa Ziweto" amafunikira: Mwachitsanzo, zida zonse zopangira chakudya ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya za ziweto zimachokera kuzinthu zosasinthidwa, zopanda mankhwala kapena pongokonza thupi, kukonza matenthedwe, kuchotsa, kuyeretsa, hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, kuwira kapena mbewu, nyama kapena mchere wopangidwa ndi kusuta ndi njira zina zitha kufotokoza momveka bwino za chinthucho, ponena kuti "zachilengedwe", "njere zachilengedwe" kapena mawu ofanana nawo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, ngati mavitamini, ma amino acid, ndi mamineral trace elements omwe amawonjezedwa muzakudya zoweta apangidwa ndi mankhwala, mankhwalawa amathanso kunenedwa kuti ndi "zachilengedwe" kapena "zakudya zachilengedwe", koma mavitamini, ma amino acid, ndi mchere wogwiritsidwa ntchito uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. kuunikanso nthawi yomweyo.Kutsata zinthu kumalembedwa, kunena kuti mawu akuti "njere zachilengedwe, zowonjezeredwa ndi XX" ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;ngati awiri (makalasi) kapena opitilira awiri (makalasi) a mavitamini opangidwa ndi mankhwala, ma amino acid, ndi ma mineral trace elements awonjezedwa, chakudya chingagwiritsidwe ntchito podzinenera.Dzina la kalasi la chowonjezera.Mwachitsanzo: "mbewu zachilengedwe, zokhala ndi mavitamini owonjezera", "mbewu zachilengedwe, zowonjezera mavitamini ndi amino acid", "mitundu yachilengedwe", "zosungira zachilengedwe".
3. Zoteteza mu "zakudya zachilengedwe za ziweto"
Kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa "zanyama zachilengedwe" ndi zakudya zina zoweta zili mumtundu wa zoteteza zomwe zili nazo.
1) Vitamini E zovuta
"Vitamini E complex" ndi chisakanizo cha beta-vitamini E, gamma-vitamini E, ndi delta-vitamini E zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira chakudya cha ziweto.Sichipanga, ndi chosungira zachilengedwe, ndipo chimachokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe.Tingafinye angapezeke m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mowa m'zigawo, kutsuka ndi distillation, saponification kapena madzi-zamadzimadzi m'zigawo.Choncho, vitamini E zovuta zikhoza kugawidwa m'gulu la zoteteza zachilengedwe, koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti amachokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe.Vitamini E zovuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atetezedwe ndipo alibe zamoyo zochita za agalu, koma-vitamini alibe mphamvu yoteteza ndipo ali ndi biological zochitika m'thupi.Choncho, AAFCO imatchula a-vitamin E ngati vitamini ndipo imayika mavitamini ena osati a-vitamini E monga mankhwala otetezera mankhwala.
2) Antioxidants
Pofuna kupewa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, lingaliro la "antioxidant" linachokera.Vitamini E ndi zoteteza tsopano zimatchedwa kuti antioxidants, gulu la zinthu zomwe zimachedwetsa kapena kuletsa okosijeni.Vitamini E (a-vitamini E) amagwira ntchito ngati antioxidant mkati mwa thupi, kuteteza okosijeni ya maselo ndi minofu, pamene chitetezo chachilengedwe (vitamini E complex) chimakhala ngati antioxidant mu chakudya cha ziweto, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa zakudya za ziweto.Synthetic antioxidants nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pakusunga chakudya cha ziweto.Muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi 2 kuchuluka kwa antioxidants zachilengedwe kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zopanga antioxidants.Chifukwa chake, ma antioxidants opangira ali ndi ntchito zabwino zoteteza antioxidant.Pankhani ya chitetezo, akuti ma antioxidants achilengedwe komanso ma antioxidants opangidwa amakhala ndi zovuta zina, koma malipoti ofunikira ofufuza ndi mfundo zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kudyetsa nyama zambiri zoyesera.Sipanakhalepo malipoti oti kudya kwambiri zachilengedwe kapena zopangira ma antioxidants kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi la agalu.N’chimodzimodzinso ndi calcium, mchere, vitamini A, zinki, ndi michere ina.Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kumawononga thanzi, ndipo ngakhale kumwa madzi mopitirira muyeso kumawononga thupi.Chofunika kwambiri, ntchito ya antioxidants ndi kuteteza mafuta kuti asawonongeke, ndipo pamene chitetezo cha antioxidants chimakhala chotsutsana, palibe kutsutsa kuti peroxides omwe amapezeka m'mafuta a rancid amavulaza thanzi.Peroxides m'mafuta a rancid amawononganso mavitamini osungunuka m'mafuta A, D, E ndi K. Zoyipa pazakudya za rancid ndizofala kwambiri mwa agalu kuposa zachilengedwe kapena zopangira antioxidants.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-21-2022