1.Chiyambi cha sipinachi
Sipinachi (Spinacia oleracea L.), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti masamba aku Persian, masamba ofiira amasamba, masamba a parrot, ndi zina zambiri, ndi yamtundu wa Sipinachi wa banja la Chenopodiaceae, ndipo ili m'gulu lomwelo la beets ndi quinoa.Ndi zitsamba zapachaka zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira pamlingo wokhwima wosiyanasiyana womwe umapezeka kuti ukololedwe.Zomera mpaka 1 m wamtali, mizu ya conical, yofiira, kawirikawiri yoyera, halberd mpaka ovate, yobiriwira yobiriwira, yonse kapena yokhala ndi lobes ochepa mano.Pali mitundu yambiri ya sipinachi, yomwe imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yaminga ndi yopanda minga.
Sipinachi ndi chomera chapachaka ndipo pali mitundu yambiri ya sipinachi, ina yomwe ili yoyenera kupanga malonda.Pali mitundu itatu ya sipinachi yomwe imabzalidwa ku United States: yokhwinyata (masamba opiringizika), yosalala (masamba osalala), ndi yokazinga pang'ono (yopiringizika pang'ono).Onsewo ndi masamba obiriwira ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu ndi makulidwe a masamba kapena kukana kugwira.Mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi tsinde ndi masamba ofiira yapangidwanso ku United States.
China ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wopanga sipinachi, akutsatiridwa ndi US, ngakhale kuti kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwakula pang'onopang'ono pazaka zapitazi za 20, kuyandikira mapaundi a 1.5 pa munthu aliyense.Pakali pano, California ili ndi maekala pafupifupi 47,000 a maekala obzalidwa, ndipo sipinachi ya California ikutsogolera chifukwa cha kupanga chaka chonse.Mosiyana ndi minda yapabwalo, minda yamalonda iyi imabzala mbewu 1.5-2.3 miliyoni pa ekala ndipo imamera m'magawo akulu akulu a mainchesi 40-80 kuti athe kukolola mosavuta ndi makina.
2.Kupatsa thanzi kwa sipinachi
Kuchokera pazakudya, sipinachi imakhala ndi michere ina yofunika, koma zonse, zomwe zimapangira sipinachi ndi madzi (91.4%).Ngakhale kuti zimakhazikika kwambiri muzakudya zogwira ntchito pouma, kuchuluka kwa macronutrient kumachepetsedwa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 2.86% mapuloteni, 0,39% mafuta, 1.72% phulusa).Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wamafuta onse ndi pafupifupi 25% ya kulemera kowuma.Sipinachi imakhala ndi michere yambiri monga potaziyamu (6.74%), iron (315 mg/kg), kupatsidwa folic acid (22 mg/kg), vitamini K1 (phylloquinone, 56 mg/kg), vitamini C (3,267 mg)/kg) , betaine (> 12,000 mg/kg), carotenoid B-carotene (654 mg/kg) ndi lutein + zeaxanthin (1,418 mg/kg).Komanso, sipinachi lili zosiyanasiyana sekondale metabolites opangidwa ndi flavonoid zotumphukira, amene odana ndi yotupa zotsatira.Pa nthawi yomweyo, mulinso woipa woipa wa phenolic zidulo, monga p-coumaric asidi ndi asidi ferulic, asidi p-hydroxybenzoic ndi vanilic acid, ndi lignans zosiyanasiyana.Mwa zina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sipinachi imakhala ndi antioxidant katundu.Mtundu wobiriwira wa sipinachi umachokera makamaka ku chlorophyll, yomwe yawonetsedwa kuti imachedwetsa kutulutsa m'mimba, kuchepetsa ghrelin, komanso kulimbikitsa GLP-1, yomwe imapindulitsa pamtundu wa 2 shuga.Pankhani ya omega-3s, sipinachi imakhala ndi stearidonic acid komanso eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ndi alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).Sipinachi ili ndi ma nitrates omwe poyamba ankaganiziridwa kuti ndi ovulaza koma tsopano akuganiziridwa kuti ndi opindulitsa pa thanzi.Mulinso ma oxalates, omwe, ngakhale amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi blanching, amathandizira kupanga miyala ya chikhodzodzo.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito sipinachi pazakudya za ziweto
Sipinachi imakhala yodzaza ndi michere ndipo ndiyowonjezera pazakudya za ziweto.Sipinachi imakhala yoyamba pakati pa zakudya zapamwamba, chakudya chokhala ndi antioxidants zachilengedwe, bioactive zinthu, ulusi wogwira ntchito ndi zakudya zofunika.Ngakhale ambiri aife tinakula osakonda sipinachi, imapezeka muzakudya ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana masiku ano, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba atsopano a nyengo mu saladi kapena masangweji m'malo mwa letesi.Poganizira ubwino wake muzakudya za anthu, sipinachi tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya za ziweto.
Sipinachi imakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pazakudya za ziweto: kulimbikitsa zakudya, chisamaliro chaumoyo, kukulitsa chidwi chamsika, ndi mndandanda ukupitilira.Kuphatikizika kwa sipinachi kwenikweni sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ndipo kumakhala ndi zabwino ngati "zakudya zapamwamba" muzakudya zamakono za ziweto.
Kuwunika kwa sipinachi muzakudya za galu kudasindikizidwa kuyambira 1918 (McClugage ndi Mendel, 1918).Kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti sipinachi chlorophyll imatengedwa ndikutumizidwa ku minofu ndi agalu (Fernandes et al., 2007) ndipo ingapindule ndi okosijeni wam'manja ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.Kafukufuku wina waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti sipinachi imatha kulimbikitsa kuzindikira ngati gawo la antioxidant complex.
Ndiye mumawonjezera bwanji sipinachi ku chakudya chachikulu cha chiweto chanu?
Sipinachi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya cha pet monga chogwiritsira ntchito ndipo nthawi zina monga mtundu wa zakudya zina.Kaya mumawonjezera sipinachi youma kapena yamasamba, ndalama zomwe zimawonjezeredwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono-pafupifupi 0.1% kapena zochepa, mwina chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba, komanso chifukwa sichisunga mawonekedwe ake bwino panthawi yokonza, ndipo masambawo amakhala ngati Matope. , masamba owuma amasweka mosavuta.Komabe, kuoneka kosauka sikulepheretsa phindu lake, koma antioxidant, chitetezo cha mthupi kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi zingakhale zosafunika chifukwa cha mlingo wochepa wowonjezera wowonjezera.Choncho ndi bwino kudziwa mlingo wothandiza wa antioxidants ndi kuchuluka kwa sipinachi yomwe chiweto chanu chingalole (zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa fungo la chakudya ndi kukoma).
Ku United States, pali malamulo enieni okhudza kulima, kukolola ndi kugawa sipinachi kuti anthu adye (80 FR 74354, 21CFR112).Poganizira kuti sipinachi yambiri yomwe ili mumsewu woperekera zakudya imachokera ku gwero lomwelo, lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito pa chakudya cha ziweto.Sipinachi yaku US imagulitsidwa pansi pa US No. 1 kapena US No.US No. 2 ndiyoyenera kwambiri chakudya cha ziweto chifukwa imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku premix kuti ikonzedwe.Tchipisi zouma za sipinachi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri.Pokonza magawo a ndiwo zamasamba, masamba okolola amatsukidwa ndikuchotsedwa madzi m'thupi, kenako amawumitsidwa mu thireyi kapena chowumitsira ng'oma, ndipo mpweya wotentha umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chinyezi, ndipo mutasankha, amaikidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-25-2022